Medicine

One system, more institutional and more technological at each of three stages: before it worked, while it worked, and after it began to cause harm at scale.

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  • Catalogue · Health

    Medicine from 1913 to the 1950s

    Treats illness and injury with a growing set of remedies that work: antitoxins, insulin, sulfa drugs, penicillin, vaccines, and safe surgery.

    No. 016
  • Catalogue · Health

    Medicine before 1913

    Offers care from a trained physician to people who are ill or injured, at a time when the training could not yet promise a treatment that worked.

    No. 010
  • Catalogue · Health

    Hospital medicine since the 1950s

    Diagnoses and treats illness, mostly through hospitals and clinics run by licensed professionals and paid for by insurers or the state.

    No. 009